“Moving Ahead for Progress in the 21st Century Act (H.R. 4348, “MAP-­‐21”) authorizes $118 billion for surface transportation programs for 27 months, an extension of current aggregate funding levels through fiscal year (FY) 2014. The bill makes significant changes to the legal framework that directs federal transportation funding, generally providing more flexibility to states and other recipients, while requiring the U.S. DOT, states, and metropolitan planning organizations (MPOs) to establish performance measures and targets to evaluate these investments. The additional flexibility also potentially weakens requirements and incentives for spending on sustainable transportation initiatives (for example by reducing dedicated funding for bicycle and pedestrian infrastructure and eliminating dedicated funding for repair), although it does not generally constrain such spending. This is the first significant change to that framework since the passage of the Safe, Accountable, Flexible, Efficient Transportation Equity Act: A Legacy for Users (SAFETEA-LU) in 2005.