The social cost of carbon is commonly used in regulatory cost-benefit analysis to characterize the economic damage that would result from each ton of carbon dioxide emitted. An important cost of greenhouse gas emissions is the profound public health consequences of climate change, including disease and mortality from extreme heat, extreme weather events, worsened air pollution, expanded habitats for disease-carrying mosquitoes and ticks, increased aeroallergens, and impacts to water and food supply. Currently, these health consequences are represented in the social cost of carbon in incomplete, indirect, or cursory ways. This panel of leading researchers will describe recent advances to fill this critical gap and ensure that the social cost of carbon adequately reflects the present and future public health burden stemming from a global climate altered by anthropogenic greenhouse gas emissions.