Full Title: Optimal Demand Response in Virtual Power Plant Using Local/Global Service Providers in Interaction with Energy Storage Systems
Author(s): Vahid Babazadeh, Hossein Shayeghi, Aref Jalili-Irani, and Gholamreza Aghajani
Publisher(s): ScienceDirect
Publication Date: February 16, 2025
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Description (excerpt):
Recently, there has been a substantial increase in the adoption of Renewable Energy Sources (RES) within power systems. Additionally, traditional fossil-fuel automobiles are progressively being substituted by electric vehicles. As the incorporation of RES in supplying aspects and Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEVs) on the load side rises, a heightened variability emerges in the power system’s operations. This research introduces an innovative framework for Virtual Storage Plants (VSP) designed to amalgamate the repository capabilities of PEVs into energy grids. The proposed VSP consists of intelligent points for recharging a Parking Lot Aggregator (PLA), a Local Service Provider (LSP), and a Global Service Provider (GSP). PLA orchestrates charging and discharging approaches of PEVs according to the adaptability requirements on the providing end.
The primary objective of the LSP is to alleviate congestion within weak segments of the electrical grid. Meanwhile, GSP steps in to offer upward or downward regulation within the large-scale electricity trading arena, especially when power deficits or surpluses arise within power systems. Regarding the supplier front, the electricity marketplace was structured into three trading platforms. In other words, VSP harmonizes the repository capabilities of PEVs into these three market tiers, categorized according to longer-term, intermediate, and short-term advance notifications. Notably, electricity pricing data are sourced from the Danish electricity market. The proposed methodology was evaluated using the IEEE 30-bus system. Outcomes underscore that the proposed VSP substantially bolsters the security of power systems at both local and global levels concerning power, particularly during crucial circumstances. The comparison of the proposed method with other ones shows that the total daily cost in the balancing market obtained with this method is at least 0.1 % lower than other methods in the full- case study.