Full Title: Optimal Energy Management in Multi Energy Microgrid with Combined Heat and Power System and Demand Side Response Integration
Author(s): Mojtaba Hadi, Elhoussin Elbouchikhi, Zhibin Zhou, and Abdelhakim Saim
Publisher(s): ScienceDirect
Publication Date: August 5, 2025
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Description (excerpt):
Renewable energy sources are gaining prominence due to their sustainability, low environmental footprint, and potential to reduce dependence on fossil fuels. However, their intermittent and unpredictable nature presents significant challenges for reliable energy supply. A promising solution lies in integrating multiple energy carriers, such as electricity and gas, to enhance system resilience, efficiency, and sustainability. This study presents a Multi-Energy Microgrid (MEMG) architecture featuring a DC electricity bus and a heat bus. The DC bus integrates photovoltaic (PV) panels, batteries, and a Combined Heat and Power (CHP) unit, while the heat bus connects to the gas supply network through boilers, the CHP system, and heat storage. To assess the role of CHP in system performance, three scenarios are analyzed: ‘No CHP’, ‘CHP Only’, and ‘Combined CHP and direct gas use’. Additionally, two types of demand response programs (DRPs)—incentive-based and price-based—are implemented to enhance operational efficiency and flexibility. The problem is formulated as a Mixed-Integer programming (MIP) model to meet electricity and heat demands while minimizing economic costs, emission costs, and operational expenses.