Advanced Dynamic Programming for Optimal Microgrid Energy Management Under RER Intermittency

This article explores energy planning and management in microgrids using Advanced Dynamic Programming (ADP) to address uncertainties in solar and wind power generation. Probability Distribution Functions (PDFs) are employed to accurately estimate the fluctuations of renewable resources, ensuring a stable and efficient energy management strategy. The proposed approach focuses on optimizing the logistical management of batteries and distributed generation, enhancing microgrid efficiency in power integration while maintaining economic feasibility. MATLAB-based simulations validate the effectiveness of this method, demonstrating key benefits such as reduced curtailment of renewable generation and improved system reliability. A major advantage of ADP is its rapid implementation, …

Optimizing wind-PV-battery microgrids for sustainable and resilient residential communities

Integrating solar and wind energy with battery storage systems into microgrids is gaining prominence in both remote areas and high-rise urban buildings. Optimally designing all distributed energy resources (DERs) within a microgrid enhances self-sufficiency, reliability, and economic feasibility. However, due to the inherent unpredictability of DERs, a robust stochastic-based optimization approach is crucial. This article proposes a Grey Wolf-based multi-objective optimization technique for wind-solar-battery-assisted residential microgrids. The method aims to minimize renewable energy costs by determining the optimal sizing of components based on a given microgrid load profile. To address the global energy trilemma, the microgrid is modeled with economic, …

A Novel Data-Driven NLMPC Strategy for Techno-Economic Microgrid Management with Battery Energy Storage Under Uncertainty

As renewable energy sources become more widespread and energy consumption continues to grow, there is an urgent requirement for smarter, more flexible control methods to manage microgrids (MGs) effectively. This study proposes a data-driven nonlinear model predictive control (NLMPC) framework for optimized MG operation, emphasizing energy storage system (ESS) integration. Effective MG management is crucial given increasing renewable penetration and energy demands. This framework coordinates distributed generation (DG) units, including rotating and non-rotating resources, with a battery ESS in a dynamic MG environment. Leveraging Gaussian Process Regression (GPR), the framework accurately models the complex dynamics of both DG units and …

Improved Lyrebird Optimization for Multi Microgrid Sectionalizing and Cost Efficient Scheduling of Distributed Generation

The rising energy demand, substantial transmission and distribution losses, and inconsistent power quality in remote regions highlight the urgent need for innovative solutions to ensure a stable electricity supply. Microgrids (MGs), integrated with distributed generation (DG), offer a promising approach to address these challenges by enabling localized power generation, improved grid flexibility, and enhanced reliability. This paper introduces the Improved Lyrebird Optimization Algorithm (ILOA) for optimal sectionalizing and scheduling of multi-microgrid systems, aiming to minimize generation costs and active power losses while ensuring system reliability. To enhance search efficiency, ILOA incorporates the Levy Flight technique for local search, which introduces …

A Passivity Based Nonlinear Controller for Hybrid DC Microgrid with Constant Power Loads

This study examines the voltage stability challenge in hybrid DC microgrids that power Constant Power Loads (CPLs). Due to uncertainties in both supply and demand, traditional linear controllers are often inadequate, leading to inevitable voltage oscillations under uncertain conditions. This article introduces a robust passivity-based control (PBC) approach aimed at reducing instability issues, while considering the dynamic behaviour of the hybrid DC microgrid in the presence of CPL. The main objective is to achieve large-signal stabilization of the output voltage of a CPL powered by a hybrid DC microgrid through a series-damped passivity-based control (PBC) scheme, while considering the dynamic …

Optimizing Energy and Load Management in Island Microgrids for Enhancing Resilience Against Resource Interruptions

The increasing integration of distributed renewable energy sources (RES), energy storage systems (ESS), electric vehicle (EV) charging stations, and demand response (DR) mechanisms has significantly enhanced microgrid deployment. However, the operational complexity and vulnerability of islanded microgrids to disruptions, especially during renewable energy fluctuations, pose critical challenges. Existing approaches primarily focus on minimizing operational costs or emissions but fail to simultaneously address load curtailment, voltage stability, and resilience under uncertain conditions. In this paper, we propose a novel resilience-oriented energy and load management framework for island microgrids, integrating a multi-objective optimization function that explicitly minimizes load curtailment, energy losses, voltage …

Dataset of CO2 Geological Storage Potential and Injection Rate Capacity in China Based on Fine Grid Technology

Carbon capture, utilization, and storage (CCUS) is a vital technology for mitigating climate change. However, the successful deployment of CCUS technology depends on a thorough understanding of subsurface CO2 geological storage capacities and their spatial distribution. Currently, there is limited publicly available information on the CO2 geological storage potential and injection rate capacity, particularly regarding fine-resolution gridded datasets for large countries with complex geological conditions like China. This study estimates China’s onshore and offshore CO2 geological storage potential and injection rate capacity with a fine resolution of 5 km covering 24 major sedimentary basins and 1181 oilfields. Using ArcGIS along …

Supporting a Reliable Grid: The Opportunity for Virtual Power Plants in Michigan

Michigan has an aging distribution grid with high incidents of blackouts. It also suffers from narrowing capacity availability for resources to meet peak demand. Virtual power plants (VPPs) — aggregations of distributed energy resources (DERs) that can provide utility-scale and utility-grade grid services — can help address those challenges while supporting the state in reaching its ambitious clean energy standard of 80% by 2035 and 100% by 2040.

According to the Department of Energy, VPPs can be configured to provide a range of benefits, including reliability and resilience, affordability, greenhouse gas emissions reductions, resource adequacy, and more.

This brief outlines …

Case Study: Hurricane Helene – Hot Springs Microgrid

During Hurricane Helene, heavy rains and flooding forced the shutdown of Duke Energy’s Marshall Substation, resulting in a prolonged power outage that could have left Hot Springs without electricity for over 262 hours. However, Duke Energy activated the Hot Springs Microgrid on October 2, 2024, maintaining and supplying power to the town center for 143.5 hours.

This case study examines the microgrid’s success in leveraging solar PV and battery storage to provide emergency power to the Western North Carolina community of Hot Springs during Hurricane Helene. The case study also highlighted the microgrid’s broader benefits. It includes how Duke Energy …

Strategy for Achieving a Beneficial Vehicle Grid Integration Future

The U.S. Department of Energy’s (DOE’s) Strategy for Achieving a Beneficial VGI Future builds on DOE’s visioning document, The Future of Vehicle Grid Integration: Harnessing the Flexibility of EV Charging, describing activities DOE will undertake to support stakeholders in achieving an EV-integrated future in which EVs, including personal vehicles, commercial freight fleets and school buses, are safely and securely connected to, reliably served by, and harmonized with the electric grid. This holistic, department-wide effort was developed recognizing DOE’s key role as a convener and partner in the development and deployment of new technologies. It employs three strategies that are focused …