The U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) has issued a final rulemaking regarding new energy efficiency standards for the electrical consumption of residential microwave ovens when in standby (nonoperating) mode. This document, termed a technical support document (TSD), is a stand­alone report that describes the technical analyses performed and results obtained when examining the standby power consumed by microwave ovens and evaluating the effects of efficiency standards on consumers, manufacturers, and the nation as a whole. This TSD was prepared in support of DOE’s final rule for the standby power consumption of residential microwave ovens.