Hydrogen-Based Energy Conversion Factbook

Hydrogen Production: Overview of Technology Options

A fact sheet from the FreedomCAR and Fuel Partnership  on hydrogen production.…

Climate Tech Book: Hydrogen Fuel Cell Vehicles

Hydrogen FCVs are a potential option for reducing emissions from the transportation sector. Combusting fossil fuels to power conventional vehicles releases GHG emissions and other pollutants from the vehicle exhaust system (i.e., “tailpipe” emissions). In addition, there are also emissions associated with producing petroleum-based fuels (i.e., “upstream” emissions), notably emissions from oil refineries. FCVs emit no tailpipe GHGs or other pollutants during vehicle operation, and depending on how hydrogen is produced, there can be substantially lower upstream GHG emissions associated with producing hydrogen fuel.…

The Feasibility and Current Estimated Capital Costs of Producing Jet Fuel at Sea Using Carbon Dioxide and Hydrogen

Producing jet fuel that meets MIL-DTL-5624 JP5 specification at sea utilizing carbon and hydrogen sources available in seawater is envisioned. In-theater, fuel synthesis is a “game changing” proposition that would offer the Navy significant logistical and operational advantages by reducing dependence on increasingly expensive fossil fuels and by reducing fuel logistic tails and their vulnerabilities.

Technologies currently exist to synthesize hydrocarbon fuel on land, given sufficient primary energy resources such as coal and natural gas [1,2]. Most of these technologies are not CO2 neutral, and they are not practical for a sea-based operation.…

Hydrogen from biomass — Present scenario and future prospects

Hydrogen is considered in many countries to be an important alternative energy vector and a bridge to a sustainable energy future. Hydrogen is not an energy source. It is not primary energy existing freely in nature. Hydrogen is a secondary form of energy that has to be manufactured like electricity. It is an energy carrier. Hydrogen can be produced from a wide variety of primary energy sources and different production technologies. About half of all the hydrogen as currently produced is obtained from thermo catalytic and gasifica- tion processes using natural gas as a starting material, heavy oils and naphtha …

Transitions to Alternative Transportation Technologies–A Focus on Hydrogen

In response to a congressional request in the Energy Policy Act of 2005, this National Research Council (NRC) study estimated the maximum practicable number of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles (HFCVs) that could be deployed in the United States by 2020 and beyond, together with the investments, time, and government actions needed to carry out this transition. The study determined the consequent reductions in U.S. oil consumption and emissions of carbon dioxide (CO2)—the main greenhouse gas linked to global climate change—that could be expected. It then compared those reductions with the potential impact that the use of alternative vehicle technologies and …

The Hydrogen Economy: Opportunities, Costs, Barriers, and R&D Needs

The vision of the hydrogen economy is based on two expectations: (1) that hydrogen can be produced from domestic energy sources in a manner that is affordable and environmentally benign, and (2) that applications using hydrogen—fuel cell vehicles, for example—can gain market share in competition with the alternatives. To the extent that these expectations can be met, the United States, and indeed the world, would benefit from reduced vulnerability to energy disruptions and improved environmental quality, especially through lower carbon emissions. However, before this vision can become a reality, many technical, social, and policy challenges must be overcome. This report …

Basic Research Needs for the Hydrogen Economy

The Basic Energy Sciences (BES) Workshop on Hydrogen Production, Storage, and Use, held May 13–15, 2003, was stimulated in part by an earlier study commissioned by the Basic Energy Sciences Advisory Committee (BESAC) to assess the basic research needs to assure a secure energy future. The charge to that study was to identify the fundamental scientific challenges of the 21st century that “… Basic Energy Sciences must consider in addressing the [DOE] missions in energy efficiency, renewable energy sources, improved use of fossil fuels, safe and publicly acceptable nuclear energy, future energy sources, science-based stockpile stewardship, and reduced environmental impact …

Coordinated Operation of Alternative Fuel Vehicle-Integrated Microgrid in a Coupled Power-Transportation Network

With the rapid development of alternative fuel vehicles (AFVs) and renewable energy sources, the increasing coordination between electric vehicles (EVs) and hydrogen vehicles (HVs) in urban coupled power-transportation networks (CPTNs) fosters optimized energy scheduling and enhanced system performance. This study proposes a two-level Stackelberg-Nash game framework for AFV-integrated microgrids in a CPTN to enhance the economic efficiency of microgrid. This framework employs a Stackelberg game model to define the leader-follower relationship between the microgrid operator and the vehicle-to-grid (V2G) aggregator. Nash equilibrium games are established to capture competitive interactions among charging stations (CSs) and among hydrogen refueling stations (HRSs). Furthermore, …

Gateway to Green

India’s ports have the potential to become key hubs in the global green hydrogen transition. Beyond serving as traditional transit points, they can evolve into dynamic energy ecosystems by seamlessly integrating green hydrogen into their value chains. This transformation would not only accelerate India’s clean energy shift but also strengthen its role in global trade while unlocking new revenue streams through bunkering, refueling, and value-added services.

A robust Common User Infrastructure (CUI) framework will be key to developing green hydrogen facilities. Strategically located ports can cater to both domestic and export markets, leveraging their proximity to industrial clusters and existing …