Uranium 2024: Resources, Production and Demand

Uranium is the primary raw material fuelling all nuclear fission reactors today. Countries around the world rely on it to generate low-carbon electricity, process heat and hydrogen as part of their strategies to reduce carbon emissions and increase energy security and supply. No form of nuclear fission power – of any kind – is possible without relying on uranium.

This 30th edition of Uranium Resources, Production and Demand, also commonly known as the “Red Book” marks the 60th anniversary of its establishment as a recognised global reference on uranium. Jointly prepared by the Nuclear Energy Agency (NEA) and the International …

Energy Transition Outlook: Norway 2025

Just as Oslo’s electricity consumption has expanded unimaginably from the perspective of 1900, the whole of Norway’s power consumption has grown enormously, and now extends to the electrification of parts of offshore oil and gas production on the Norwegian continental shelf. Ninety percent of this electricity is still supplied by Norway’s hydropower systems, which have become the envy of nations. However, as shown in this forecast, Norway’s electricity consumption is going to grow in the next 25 years by almost as much as it has over the past 100.

The reason for accelerated electrification in Norway — beyond what can …

Energy Transition Outlook: Spain 2025

When DNV began in Spain in 1999, their market activities were centred on the early development of renewable energy. Wind and solar power are now the dominant energy sources, and they forecast they will grow 4-fold and 6-fold, respectively, by 2050. The new challenges lie in electrifying more of Spain’s energy use and upgrading grid integration to handle all the renewable electricity.

Hydrogen generation and infrastructure will also be part of the future in an energy system that has already significantly decarbonized the power sector and aims to reduce carbon emissions further. DNV foresees hydrogen playing a key role in …

Energy Transition Outlook 2025

Emissions peaking is, of course, good news, and a milestone for humanity. However, since emissions are cumulative, we must now focus on how quickly emissions decline. Worryingly, this forecast decline is very far from the trajectory required to meet the Paris Agreement targets. The ‘most likely’ energy transition described in the pages that follow is one that leads to warming of 2.2°C by the close of this century. If we want a faster transition, we must understand what is working and what is not.

This Outlook quantifies the many efficiencies gained from a doubling of electrification globally in the next …

Sustainable Aviation for a Greener Future

As demand for flights increases, the global aviation industry must transform to become more sustainable. Here we propose six pathways to set aviation on a path to a greener future that include innovations in aviation fuel, management, and regulations.

The aviation industry contributes to global connectivity and economic development, but its environmental impact poses a formidable challenge in the context of urgent climate action. Yet, decarbonizing aviation is challenging. Aircraft rely on energy-dense liquid hydrocarbons and emit nitrogen oxides and condensation trails, which influence radiative forcing1,2. In 2019, carbon dioxide emissions from global aviation reached more than a gigaton of …

Sustainable Energy in America 2025 Factbook

The Sustainable Energy in America Factbook – produced annually for the Business Council for Sustainable Energy by BloombergNEF – provides valuable year-over-year data and insights on the American energy expansion.

In 2024, U.S. power generation reached its highest volume in two decades, driven by growth in renewable energy technologies and by stable natural gas generation capacity. These energy growth sectors face favorable market conditions as the United States eyes rising energy demand.

The 2025 Sustainable Energy in America Factbook covers the progress of the energy efficiency, natural gas, and renewable energy sectors. Download the report to find the latest data …

California Clean Industrial Hub

California is a national leader in climate policy with state mandates to achieve net zero emissions by 2045. Yet, California is the third largest industrial emitter in the nation, with the state’s refineries, trucks, airports, ports and other industries responsible for 80 million metric tons of CO2 in 2022 or 6% of total industrial emissions in the United States.

Meeting our collective global climate goals requires building more than 700 net-zero industrial projects and purchasing 7 million zero-emissions trucks by 2030. Most of these projects will occur in regional industrial hubs in places like California where the physical, social, regulatory, …

Texas Gulf Coast Clean Industrial Hub

Texas has an opportunity to lead the new era of clean industrial development.

Texas has a long history of energy leadership. The state’s decarbonization journey began two decades ago with early investments in renewable energy leading Texas to be the number one producer of wind power in the United States. Looking to the future, Texas is forecasted to produce 50 percent of the clean hydrogen that will be made in the United States by 2050. In addition to climate benefits, clean industries in Texas can create more than half a million jobs and spur $100 billion in investments in the …

Encouraging Transportation Energy Solutions that Work Today

The Transport Project is a national coalition of roughly 200 fleets, vehicle and engine manufacturers and dealers, servicers and suppliers, and fuel producers and providers dedicated to the decarbonization of North America’s transportation sector. Through the increased use of gaseous motor fuels including renewable natural gas (RNG) and hydrogen, the United States and Canada can help achieve ambitious climate goals and greatly improve air quality safely, reliably, and effectively without delay and without compromising existing commercial business operations. …

Low-Carbon Ammonia Technology: Blue, Green, and Beyond

As the world intensifies efforts to combat climate change, several industries are focusing on the development of sustainable manufacturing processes for high-impact products like ammonia. Primarily used as an agricultural fertilizer, ammonia and other ammonia-based fertilizers are essential for providing nitrogen to crops. Conventional ammonia production methods are carbon-intensive, relying heavily on fossil fuels, and thus, alternative low-carbon pathways to produce ammonia are under development, offering promising solutions to decarbonize ammonia production.

Ammonia production technologies generally fall under two categories: those that utilize the Haber-Bosch (HB) process, and those that are more novel. The Haber-Bosch process is the method by …